These rules predict the maximum UV absorption of compounds. Here are two examples:[7] On this page, we discuss some examples of how we can use Woodward–Fieser rules to determine the wavelength of maximum absorption for certain molecules. We strongly recommend that you read the first two sections on Woodward`s rules for calculating λmax for conjugated dienes and Woodward`s rules for calculating λmax for unsaturated carbonyl compounds before reading this page. Hi Ina, the molecule you`re talking about is a heterocyclic molecule. You cannot use these Woodward-Fieser rules to calculate the wavelength of maximum absorption. However, you can compare the structure to benzene and deduce the wavelengths, but it won`t be very accurate. Extending Woodward–Fiser rules and Fieser–Kuhn rules, are there rules for complex structures to calculate ?max? I would like to ask you if you know how the Woodward-Fieser rules apply to macromolecules such as proteins? Is Fx possible to apply the rules to obtain an approximation of the GFP chromophore? With the help of these rules, the maximum UV absorption can be predicted, for example in these two compounds:[8] Hi Ritu, you asked a very important question, and to answer it, I had to write a brand new post. For labelling alkyl substituents, see the examples above to learn. It is important to take all substituents on the entire conjugate system. In the case of lycophene, since the number of double bonds is greater than 4, you cannot use Woodward`s rules.

However, you can use the Fieser-Kuhn rules to calculate the lambdamax. Read this article on Fieser-Kuhn rules for calculating the wavelength of the maximum absorption (lambda-max) of polyenes (with sampling problems). I have also made the additions above and on other pages of this notice. I hope that helps. Your question is not entirely clear. I suppose you could use the Woodward-Fieser rules to identify them. Check out the lambda max calculation rules for carbonyl compounds to probably find your answer. Woodward`s rules are a set of rules about how organic chemical compounds absorb ultraviolet light. It`s incredibly helpful! I have an organic quiz tomorrow and that explains everything I was wondering about with Woodward Feiser, so thank you for helping me. Hi Christian, unfortunately, the Woodward-Fieser rules I mentioned cannot be applied to aromatic chromophores. Therefore, they cannot be applied to proteins such as GFP.

These rules apply only to polyenes and alpha-beta-unsaturated ketones. There are other rules for aromatic molecules that I could discuss in the future. You can also use ExPASy`s or Uniprot`s online tools to calculate the uptake of certain protein sequences, but I`m not sure they would handle unknown chromophores like GFP (4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene) imidazolidine-5-one) well. In problem number 3, the rings are labeled A, B, C, D from left to right. There are two double links: left and right. By definition, an exocyclic double bond is a bond attached directly to the outside of the ring (i.e. one of the carbon atoms is bonded directly to a ring while the other carbon atom is not part of the same ring) (read the description in the basics of the Woodward-Fieser rules here). According to this definition, only the right double bond is exocyclic because it has one of the carbonaceous parts of ring A, while the other carbon atom of the double bond is actually a part of ring B. For the double bond on the left, the two carbon atoms belong to ring A. I hope this makes things clearer. By the way, in my previous comments, when I say label rings, I do not mean rings or double links. The B ring cannot be said to be exocyclic to the A ring.

These articles are very useful. Can you apply these rules to 1,4-benzoquinone? They provide information about the wavelength of the maximum absorption (symbol λmax) in an ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrum of a compound. The rules are named after Robert Burns Woodward. He was a professor at Harvard University, which was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1965. The rules are sometimes called Woodward-Fieser rules to honor Louis Fieser. Hi Aditi, unsaturated ketone/aldehyde would be the parent chromophore on which you add 2 double-bond conjugations and a homo-ring-shaped diene component value of 35 or 39 nm. See example issue number 8 above. Refer to the table on the page and scroll down for homoannular diene: pharmaxchange.info/2012/08/ultraviolet-visible-uv-vis-spectroscopy-%E2%80%93-woodward-fieser-rules-to-calculate-wavelength-of-maximum-absorption-lambda-max-of-conjugated-carbonyl-compounds/ Rules base prediction on the type of chromophores present, substituents on chromophores and changes due to the solvent. [1] [2] Examples are conjugated carbonyl compounds,[3][4] conjugated dienes,[5] and polyenes. [4] Yes, but the Woodward-Fieser rules for these are followed by conjugated carbonyl compound systems.

If you click on the link, this article describes cases such as eremophilone and allo-eremophilone. Also look at problems 7 and 8 for similar conjugated carbonyl compounds and how to calculate the wavelength of maximum absorption for them. In these example problems, you will be shown the structure, and then the structure will be highlighted to show you the important characteristics that would affect the λmax of the molecule. Next, the table shows you the solutions on how to solve to get the wavelength of the maximum absorption, with a final λmax calculated using Woodward-Fieser rules. In some cases, if we have an observed λmax for comparison, it can also be given. Hi Shruti, The alkoxy group is +6nm. Please check the page rules for dienes and polyenes if OCOCH3 does not have a message why specifically should be mentioned in the rules. Woodward`s rules, named after Robert Burns Woodward and also known as Woodward–Fieser rules (for Louis Fieser), are several sets of empirically derived rules that attempt to predict the wavelength of the maximum absorption (λmax) in an ultraviolet-visible spectrum of a given compound. The inputs used in the calculation are the type of chromophores present, auxochromes (substituents on chromophores) and solvents. [ 1] [2] Examples are conjugated carbonyl compounds,[3] [4] [5] conjugated dienes,[3][6] and polyenes. [3] [5] A set of Woodward-Fieser rules for servants is presented in Table 1.

A diene is either homoannular with the two double bonds contained in a ring, or heteroannular with two double bonds distributed between two rings. Hello Azhar, although this problem is not related to UV-Vis spectroscopy, I can advise you to read the article on chemical change at NMRCentral. In which they have an equation to calculate the delta value (in ppm). Here, you replace the frequency of TMS with the frequency of the instrument, as this is the base frequency of TMS on this instrument. I hope this helps. No, benzene and other aromatic compounds have different rules. For polyenes with more than 4 conjugated double bonds, the Fieser-Kuhn rules must be applied. [3] Thank you. I`m not sure there are rules for more complicated structures. If I come across something, I will definitely post it here. In 1959, Louis Frederick Fieser modified these rules with more experimental data and the modified rule is known as the Holzward-Fischer rule.

Hi Daniel, sorry for the late reply and thanks for the compliment. I`m glad this post is helpful to you. To your question. I do not think you can apply those rules to benzoquinones. But I could be wrong. At least, I`ve never met him. The reason I wouldn`t consider this possible is that benzoquinones would have a pi-electron delocalization similar to aromatic rings. Ultimately, it is the delocalization of pi electrons that controls UV absorption. If you come across any information on this topic, please post it as a comment here. It will help others. β-carotene and lycophene are polyenes with more than 4 double bonds, and therefore their calculations cannot be done using Woodward`s rules.

To calculate their λmax, you must use the Fieser-Kuhn rules. Read this article on Fieser-Kuhn rules for calculating the wavelength of the maximum absorption (lambda-max) of polyenes (with sample problems) to solve these problems. How do cis and transstilbenes differ due to UV spectroscopy? In the compound on the left, the base value is 214 nm (heteroannular diene). This group of services has 4 alkyl substituents (labeled with 1,2,3,4) and the double bond in one ring is exocyclic to the other (addition of 5 nm for an exocyclic double bond). In the compound on the right, diene is homoannular with 4 alkyl substituents. The two double bonds in the central ring B are exocyclic to rings A and C. How can I calculate the maximum wavelength of absorption of sterols, especially coprastanol? Ex 8 me jo other effect 30 ×2 kiya h vo kyo kiya gaya h pls explain and what is 35 double link extend, what is the difference between these two limits Thnk u vry a lot for examples. I have a problem if someone can solve pls..